给孤独症孩子更多理解

zhixun

梅花50朵于2012-03-31 20:13:34翻译
让我们给孤独症的孩子更多关爱吧。
   
Children with autism are LESS likely to misbehave intentionally than typical children. Their apparent bad behaviors -- such as bolting from the room, whacking a peer, refusing to take part in circle time, climbing the fridge -- are often caused by external problems that can be solved by calm, creative parents. These hints and tips, provided in part by About.com readers, may make for a calmer family life.
有孤独症的孩子和通常意义上的孩子相比，在很少情况下会故意和你作对。他们看上去很明显的坏习惯，比如在房间里东奔西跑，欺负同龄人，拒绝参加亲子游戏，爬冰箱，所有这些表现通常都是由外部的问题造成的，只要家长头脑冷静、有创新思维，这些问题就可以迎刃而解。以下的这些小贴士，它们部分来自About.com的读者。这些小贴士可以使家庭生活更加风平浪静。
1) Know Your Child
1）了解你的孩子
Few autistic children are intentionally "bad." Many have difficult behaviors. So what's going on? Each child is different, and knowing your own child is key to taking action. Is your child extra-sensitive to sound and light? Does she need lots of sensory input? Is he likely to misunderstand a close approach? The more you know, the easier it is to troubleshoot a situation.
孤独症的孩子极少是故意表现“糟糕”的。他们中的很多很难用正确的行为表达自己。那么应该怎么办呢？每个孩子都是独一无二的，了解你的孩子是采取行动的关键。你的孩子对于声音或是光线特别敏感吗？她是不是非常需要你的情感的投入？他会不会误解某此的近距离接触？你知道的越多，就更加容易对症下药。
2) Modify Your Expectations
2）调整你的期望
Your mother may have expected you to sit still through a full dinner hour. But that's not a reasonable expectation for most children with autism. Consider starting with a smaller goal -- sitting still for three minutes, eating with a fork, or whatever you think he can handle -- and building toward the larger goal of sitting through a full meal.
你的妈妈有可能希望你坐着吃完一顿晚餐。但是这对于大多数的孤独症孩子来说是不合情理的。试着以更容易的目标开始起步——坐满三分钟，用叉子吃饭，或者任何你想到的那些在他能力范围内的事，然后在这过程中，慢慢朝着坐着吃完整顿晚餐这个更大的目标而努力。
3) Modify the Environment
3）改善环境
Safety is key. And for autistic children, creating a safe environment is a challenge. Since so many of your child's behaviors may have the potential to be dangerous, it's important to take precautions such as bolting shelves to the walls and floor, putting a dead bolt on the front door, and latching cabinets securely. One About.com reader even put plexiglass on the fronts of bookshelves to keep her child from climbing.
安全是关键。对于孤独症的孩子们来说，创造一个安全的环境确实是一个挑战。因为你孩子的许多行为可能造成潜在的危险，采取预防措施是很重要的，把书架钉在墙角和地上，在前门挂上门栓，并且牢牢地锁好柜子。一位About.com的读者甚至在书架的正面安装了有机玻璃来避免孩子攀爬。
4) Consider the Possible Sources of the Behavior
4）想想那些古怪行为背后可能的原因
Many children on the autism spectrum either crave or over-respond to sensory input. Some alternate between the two extremes. Very often, "bad" behavior is actually a reaction to too much or too little sensory input. By carefully observing your child, you may be able to figure out what's setting him off.
许多有孤独症的孩子不是渴望感觉输入就是对其反应过度。试试在两个极端中间找一个适当的点。通常，“糟糕”的表现实际上是对于过多或过少的感觉输入的反应。仔细观察你的孩子，或许你就可以了解到是什么真正刺激到他了。
5) Remove Overwhelming Sensory Input
5）去掉那些过于强烈的感觉输入
If your child is over-reacting to sensory input, there are many ways to change the situation. Of course, the first option is to simply avoid overwhelming sensory settings such as parades, amusement parks and the like. When that's not an option, consider ear plugs, distracting sensory toys, or plain old bribery to get through difficult moments.
如果你的孩子对于感觉输入反应过度，有很过方法可以改变这个情况。当然，第一个选择就是简单地避免过于强烈的感觉刺激，比如参与游行、去游乐场之类的。当别无选择的时候，可以考虑用耳塞，可以用来分心的感觉玩具，或是稀松平常的老套路，想着办法“贿赂”他这些办法来度过艰难的时光。
6) Provide Sensory Input
6）提供感觉输入
If your child is crashing into couches, climbing the walls or spinning in circles, chances are she's craving sensory input. You can provide that in any number of more appropriate ways. Some people recommend bear hugs; other suggest squeezing youngsters between sofa cushions, rolling them up like "hot dogs" in blankets, or providing them with weighted vests or quilts.
如果你的孩子总是一头扎进沙发，喜欢爬墙或者转圈，她很有可能渴望感觉输入。如果你的方式合适，你可以提供任意多的感觉输入。一些人建议熊抱；其他人建议用沙发垫挤他们，把他们像热狗一样卷到毯子里，或者给他们穿加重的背心或者盖加重的被子。
7) Look for Positive Outlets for Unusual Behaviors
7)为孩子们的不寻常的行为寻找积极的出口
While climbing the entertainment center may be "bad" behavior, climbing at a rock gym can be a great way to build muscles and friendships at the same time. While spinning at the grocery store may be odd, it's ok to twirl on a tire swing. What's a problem in one place may be a virtue in another!
攀爬娱乐中心可能被视作“糟糕”的行为，然而在攀岩馆攀爬是一个锻炼肌肉的好方法，同时还可以收获友谊。在杂货店转圈可能是怪异的行为，但是随滑梯旋转而下却是可以的。在一个地方成为问题的，在另外一个地点却可能成为优点。
8) Enjoy Your Child's Successes
8）享受孩子的成功
We were the only parents on the block to cheer at our son's first intentional fib. We're thrilled when he says "yes" to a playdate, completes a full sentence, or kicks a ball back and forth a few times. He's not likely to captain the soccer team -- but he is successfully becoming himself.
我们是唯一的在拍卖会上为了我们儿子第一次所开的“国际玩笑” 而欢呼雀跃的。当他对于玩耍说“是”时，当他完成一句完整的句子时，抑或把球来回提上几次时，我们都会为之激动。他不太可能会成为足球队的一队之长——但是他成功地做回了自己。1
9) Worry Less About Others' Opinions
9）少被别人的观点烦扰
Your child is really doing a fine job in the grocery store. He may be flapping a bit, but it's no big deal. Until you catch the eye of the mom with the perfect little girl -- staring at your son. Suddenly his flapping seems like a very big deal, and you find yourself snapping at your son to "just put his hands down!" It's not easy, but it's important to remember that he's autistic -- not intentionally embarrassing! 10) Find Ways to Have Fun Together
你的孩子在杂货店真表现也许很棒。他也许会有点轻飘飘而模仿鸟儿的翅膀上下摆动一双小手，但这并不是什么大事。直到你捕捉到了一位完美小女孩母亲的眼神——她对你的孩子怒目而视。突然间，他的摇摆就变得严重了，你自己就会对着你的儿子吼道：“放下你的手！”虽然这并不容易，但你得记住他是患有孤独症的，这是非常重要的，他并不是故意去引起尴尬的。        
It's not always easy to associate autism and fun. But if you think about it, rolling your child up like a hot dog, bouncing on a trampoline or even sitting and cuddling together can be a lot of fun. Instead of worrying about the therapeutic value of each action, try just enjoying the silliness, the tickling, the cuddling...and the child. At least for a little while!
  10）找到一起寻乐的方法把孤独和有趣联系在一起是件不容易的事情。但是请你仔细想想，把你的孩子像热狗一样卷起来，在蹦床上蹦蹦跳跳或者只是互相依偎坐在一起都会很有趣的。不要去多想这些行为的治疗价值，只是试着去享受幼稚、快乐还有依偎所带来的幸福感......所有和孩子在一起的时光。至少抽出一点点时间去享受这种简单的快乐吧。